Water hardness in Alaska
Alaska has a median ambient water hardness of 70 mg/L, which is 4.1 grains per gallon and classes as moderately hard. That is the middle of 15,903 samples across 27 counties.
This is ambient water, not tap water. These figures come from samples taken from wells, streams and springs by USGS, EPA and state agencies. Municipal utilities treat, blend and sometimes soften water before it reaches a tap, so a city supply can be considerably softer than the ground beneath it. Treat this as a good guide for a private well and an approximate one for city water. Your utility's annual water quality report gives the real number for a municipal tap, and a test strip gives it for yours.
Every monitored county in Alaska
Ranked hardest first. The middle 50% column shows how much the samples within a county vary, which matters more than the median where a county spans two geologies.
| County | mg/L | gpg | Class | Middle 50% | Samples |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Fairbanks North Star Borough | 140 | 8.2 | Hard | 82 to 220 | 1,202 |
| Denali Borough | 130 | 7.6 | Hard | 96 to 240 | 551 |
| Yakutat City and Borough | 119 | 7 | Moderately hard | 75 to 170 | 107 |
| Southeast Fairbanks Census Area | 110 | 6.4 | Moderately hard | 90 to 130 | 926 |
| Yukon-Koyukuk Census Area | 110 | 6.4 | Moderately hard | 86 to 140 | 937 |
| Nome Census Area | 97 | 5.7 | Moderately hard | 51 to 112 | 74 |
| Bethel Census Area | 93 | 5.4 | Moderately hard | 73 to 110 | 474 |
| Northwest Arctic Borough | 91 | 5.3 | Moderately hard | 68 to 120 | 151 |
| Anchorage Municipality | 78 | 4.6 | Moderately hard | 53 to 110 | 2,545 |
| North Slope Borough | 77 | 4.5 | Moderately hard | 44 to 130 | 412 |
| Haines Borough | 73 | 4.3 | Moderately hard | 36 to 90 | 55 |
| Matanuska-Susitna Borough | 68 | 4 | Moderately hard | 46 to 100 | 1,935 |
| Hoonah-Angoon Census Area | 61 | 3.6 | Moderately hard | 38 to 92 | 70 |
| Wrangell City and Borough | 51 | 3 | Soft | 38 to 70 | 156 |
| Bristol Bay Borough | 38 | 2.2 | Soft | 19 to 48 | 68 |
| Juneau City and Borough | 36 | 2.1 | Soft | 19 to 65 | 946 |
| Kenai Peninsula Borough | 34 | 2 | Soft | 27 to 48 | 1,834 |
| Lake and Peninsula Borough | 33 | 1.9 | Soft | 20 to 80 | 215 |
| Aleutians West Census Area | 31 | 1.8 | Soft | 22 to 54 | 190 |
| Skagway Municipality | 24 | 1.4 | Soft | 14 to 34 | 58 |
| Dillingham Census Area | 23 | 1.3 | Soft | 20 to 27 | 90 |
| Kodiak Island Borough | 20 | 1.2 | Soft | 16 to 28 | 187 |
| Prince of Wales-Hyder Census Area | 18 | 1.1 | Soft | 10 to 33 | 269 |
| Sitka City and Borough | 18 | 1.1 | Soft | 14 to 26 | 228 |
| Aleutians East Borough | 10 | 0.6 | Soft | 10 to 15 | 3 |
| Ketchikan Gateway Borough | 9 | 0.5 | Soft | 6 to 22 | 306 |
| Petersburg Borough | 6 | 0.4 | Soft | 4 to 10 | 50 |
Source: Water Quality Portal (USGS, EPA and state agencies), waterqualitydata.us, retrieved 2026-09-19. 2,904,346 samples across 3,110 counties.
What this means for a household in Alaska
At 4.1 grains per gallon, a family of four would need a softener of about 16,000 grains to regenerate roughly weekly, using around 168 lb of salt a year. Size it for your own household.
21 of these counties include well samples, so the figures are a reasonable guide for private well water there. Municipal supplies in the same counties may be softer, because utilities often blend or treat.
Hardness follows geology rather than borders. Where a county sits on limestone or dolomite the water is hard; on granite, basalt or sandstone it is soft. That is why neighbouring counties in this table can differ by a factor of several.